date:30th August 2008

The UK has a relatively good road safety record. Even so, in 2005 there were 271,000 road accident casualties, 31,000 of which involved death or serious injury.The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (Rospa) estimates that 95% of all road accidents involve human error.

One example of human error causing accidents is the use of a mobile phone whilst driving – according to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents the use of a mobile phone whilst driving can reduce reaction times by up to 50%.
Using a mobile whilst driving was made a criminal offence in 2003 (initially a £30 fixed penalty).

LONDON ROAD ACCIDENTS

Some more facts: London accounts for 13% of road traffic accidents in the UK, about 30,000 road traffic casualties a year, costing a total of £1.4 bn 

Cheaper car insurance madam?

Three quarters of drivers involved in road accidents in London are men; the majority of those are young men.

Injured?

50% of London road accident hospital admissions are for fractures; head and facial injuries account for 25%

Osbornes Injury Lawyers are based in Camden in North London.

We will arrange home visits across London to visit clients in appropriate cases.

We can attend and inspect accident sites, where necessary

Our office is conveniently located 5 minutes walk from Camden Town underground station on the Northern Line.

We have wheelchair access for disabled and injured clients

We deal on a daily basis with London’s many treating hospitals, doctors surgeries, police stations and medical experts

We have the local expert knowledge to run London accident claims quickly and efficiently

If you have been involved in a road accident

• Take down the details of the other party at the scene, including name, address, telephone and insurance details and vehicle registration number.
• Report the matter to the police immediately. If for any reason this is not possible report the accident in person to a police station as soon as you can (and get a reference number)
• Take details of any other party and any witnesses.
• Contact your own insurers, if relevant.
• Contact Osbornes Personal Injury Lawyers as soon as possible for free initial advice.

Visit Osbornes Personal Injury Lawyers at http://www.osbornes-injury-lawyers.co.uk/ or For a free telephone consultation call  0800 3281962

Abu Qatada will no doubt argue that this is not a breach of the strict bail conditions which ban him from using a mobile telephone.

But is the fanatical preacher - once described as 'Osama Bin Laden's right-hand man in Europe' - obeying the spirit, as well as the letter, of the law?

On a shopping trip this week near his London home, the 47-year-old was photographed in conversation with a friend, who then appeared to relay Qatada's words via his mobile to another person.

An onlooker said: 'It was clear to me that the man with the mobile phone was speaking to Qatada before speaking to the person on the other end of the phone.

'He would speak to Qatada holding the phone in his hand away from his ear and then put it to his ear and speak to whoever was on the other end of the line.'

Qatada, who was granted asylum 15 years ago, was freed from a high-security prison in June after the courts ruled that sending him home to Jordan would breach his human rights. He has already been convicted of terror attacks and bomb plots there in his absence.

The eight-page bail order set out a series of stringent rules which placed him under virtual house arrest.

The father of five, whose family are living on benefits of an estimated £50,000 a year, is allowed to leave his rented £800,000 four-bedroom semi for just two hours a day.

He is also banned from using any communications equipment apart from a landline telephone, which is almost certainly bugged by the security services.

He cannot use a computer and he is banned from having any contact, directly or indirectly, with a list of terrorists including Bin Laden.

Qatada has claimed incapacity benefit for a bad back - but it didn't stop him carrying two bags on the shopping trip.

Two points to make. This man is a proven enemy of Britain, the reason why he was not deported is because of his rights, because in Jordan he was risk actually being punished. Seriously, 'banning' him from having contact with known terrorists! Well that's okay then! It seems the Communist Labour Party's human rights scam is actually just to remove punishments for criminals to foster a more unstable society and consequently 'needing' the Stasi state they are implementing. Classic dialectical process then.

Second point is this man and his family receive £50,000 a year and lives in house worth almost one million pounds, all paid for by the taxpayer, with money the British provide through their individual labour. No wonder third world immigrant flock here in the millions. Come to Britain! Get a house, free money, healthcare, travel, have lots of children and get more money! There is no limit! The weak infidels will pay for it! We do not need immigration from backward Islamic sh*tholes like Somalia.

However, two nights ago something from the blue just popped into my head.

It has to do with

"Prominent Philadelphia attorney and Hillary Clinton supporter Phillip Berg has filed a lawsuit contesting Barack Obama’s citizenship qualifications to seek the presidency." - source

Now that Iraqi bomber Barak Obama has secured the nomination of the Democratic party, and Hitlery Clinton hasn't formally withdrawn her campaign (she's suspended it only - or so I've heard) Then there is the chance that just before the November election, or even after it, the courts will find Obama wasn't born on US soil and therefore be inelligible to be president. (a page here discusses that law)

The candidacy will perhaps pass to Biden or Clinton, but the US will be going on and on and on (as will the corporate MSM) about this law that says you have to be born on US soil (more accurately: stolen soil, which is now called the USA). I can imagine swathes of people, who have been told to be unhappy at what had happened, agreeing with some people prepared to try and change the law to allow naturalised USans to stand, so that such a fisaco doesn't happen again.

Cue Arnie.

It's been reported by notable conspiraloons such as Alex Jones, (who spearheadded the "No to Arnie as Pres" campaign: http://www.arnoldexposed.com/) that 'the terminator' (not least of peoples jobs) has a number of people working on his behalf to stop get that law about being born on US soil scrapped.

Is there any conspiracy here between Clinton friend, attorney Philip Berg, and Arnie? Well remember Hillary strangely didn't actually wihdraw from the contest, and did make reference to Obama's possible assassination. Also, a tenuous hint of a link comes through Arnies wife, a Ms. Maria Shriver. She's the niece of the assassinated American President John F. Kennedy - a Democrat, like the remainder of the political Kennedy's. Yes, it's a pretty poor link, Love isn't a function of political affiliation, and Arnie is a Republican, but... those who look past the cover page of US politics, are familiar with charges that the party system in the US is a scam. Whatever. Note: this link, frail though it may seem, wasn't part of the afore mentioned idea that came to mind the otherday, so the purpose of this post doesn't actually rely on it.

Who knows, but really, (and this is why blogging about the US presidental "race" doesn't get much attention from me) if there's something we know about US politics, is that no matter who publically holds the Presidency, that the policies are virtually the same.

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Extra reading: Lawyer files court challenge to Obama's status as a "natural born citizen"-Truth! - http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/l/lawyersues.htm

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We currently live in a monarchy, with the Queen's representative (the Governor General) being the head of state. Most democracies have three branches of government - the judiciary, the legislative branch (parliament, which makes laws) and the executive branch (a President or Monarch, who provides a double-check on those laws through the right of veto and gives clear leadership to the country). We are no exception, having a judiciary, Parliament and a Governor General. The Governor General must give the Royal Assent to law before it is passed. Our connections to England have allowed excellent services such as the Privy Council, a final court of appeal in London that could judge important cases without being influenced by the New Zealand government (who influences judicial appointments here) or the NZ media. In theory this should work fine, and in the past it did.

The problem we have is that the powers of the executive have been reduced, and the influence of the legislative branch has been increased, so that now pretty well everything is controlled by Parliament with no backup in case Parliament does anything against the interest of the country.

This has occurred in a number of ways:

• By convention, the Governor General gives the Royal Assent to any Act that is passed by a majority of Parliament. They act on advice from the Prime Minister primarily, rather than the Queen. So ultimately the final power rests with the Prime Minister.
• Although the Queen appoints the Governor General, she does so from a list of nominees chosen by the Prime Minister. So ultimately the Governor General is selected by the PM, who can make sure that everyone on her list would be happy to sign off on whatever the Government wants them too - cementing power with the PM.

Now this shouldn't be that bad, Parliament is elected democratically after all, so theoretically they should be passing laws that are in the best interests of the population. But in recent years Labour has been making large changes, including major constitutional amendments, without either a public mandate by way of a referendum or necessarily the mandate of the Queen (as every Act gets the Royal Assent anyway we have no idea whether or not the Queen approves). Examples of this (all of which were secret agendas not declared in party policy) include:

• The Broadcasting Act 1989 (under Labour) established partial state funding of political party advertising and limits on advertising that make it harder for minor parties to challenge the ruling party (see how it is currently restricting The Family Party here). This is minor however compared to what the current administration has got up to:
• The abolition of the right of appeal to the Privy Council, the final court of appeal in England. This has been very important for high profile cases such as the David Baine case. Now the final court of appeal is in NZ, where Parliament can influence the appointment of judges. This places Parliament in ultimate control of the judiciary. So with no public debate and without announcing this policy before an election, Labour placed themselves in ultimate control of all three branches of government. This was a major secret agenda.
• The abolition of Knighthoods. We still have equivalent honours, but the recipients can no longer be called "Sir" or "Dame". This seems a pointless piece of legislation initially. On closer inspection it can be seen to be part of the general socialist strategy of dragging down high achievers (high earners are taxed heavily for example) to enforce some sort of artificial equality and retain Parliament as the ultimate authority and great provider. It is also another cut to further isolate us from the Monarchy, the executive branch of government, again leaving Parliament in ultimate power.
• The abolition of smacking. This was not a constitutional change as such. But it was government intruding into our very homes and telling families how to raise their children. Labour seems to see our children as theirs, and parents and teachers the tools through which the state raises children, rather than teachers tools through which the parents raise children. This was a major change which around 80% of the population seemed opposed to. Yet it was passed without a referendum, and the Royal Assent was granted despite this public opposition.
• The Electoral Finance Act. This Act is a major restriction on free speech, and severely damages our ability to have democratic elections. It was opposed by the public and eminent bodies like the Human Rights Commission. Yet it was passed, and we are dealing with the disastrous effects now.

I am sure you can think of others. These are all very different policies, and individually they may seem minor.

But taken together they all seem to have the same general effect - they institute the state, and specifically Parliament, as the ultimate authority above the other branches of government. They do this by severing ties with the Monarch (the Executive), placing Parliament in control of the judiciary, and making it harder for anyone to oppose Parliament or change its makeup. Parliament has at the same time seized greater control over our lives and families.

We need the three branches of government to be reasonably independent and able to have a stabilising effect on each other. We must remember that Hitler was democratically elected, and the further we allow Parliament, and specifically Labour, to whittle away at these safeguards the more risk we have of a repressive regime being established.

They have not really been pushing us towards being a republic, as a republic would have an effective head of state (executive), while they have been whittling away the authority of the head of state. They have been pushing us towards ultimate control of everything being in the hands of the ruling Party, which is more similar to a communist system than a republic as such. I am not accusing them of communism, that is too strong, but that does seem to be the general direction they are heading.

The Family Party is taking the first steps to counter this. We will look into the possibility of reinstating the Privy Council as the court of final appeal. We cannot promise it of course as it may require the approval of the British parliament too, but we will be looking into whether we can reinstate it. This would remove control of the final section of the Judiciary from the NZ Parliament.

We would reinstate the old s59 of the Crimes Act (allowing smacking again), returning to parents the authority to decide what disciplinary measures are appropriate rather than having government dictate how we are to raise our families. We will trust parents to raise their own children. We would also repeal the Electoral Finance Act, to restore the right to free speech in our democratic process.

I would welcome your thoughts on this very important issue.

“Sudah tujuh kali sidang, sampai sekarang belum putusan. Masih mendengar keterangan saksi dari jaksa. Masih ada lima sidang lagi,” katanya.

Kepolisian Resor Langsa menyatakan dirinya sebagai tersangka sejak tanggal 4 Agustus 2007. Ia tidak sendirian. Ada tujuh staf LBH yang juga berstatus sama dengannya, yaitu Mukhsalmina, Yulisa Fitri, Sugiono, Muhammad Jully Fuady, Mardiati, Mustiqal Syahputra, dan Juanda.

Mereka terkena Pasal 160 junto 161 sub 335 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana dengan tuduhan “menyiarkan, mempertontonkan atau menempelkan tulisan yang isinya menghasut di muka umum dengan lisan atau tulisan”. Namun, mereka tidak harus mendekam dalam tahanan. Pengadilan memberi penangguhan dengan jaminan dua mobil milik LBH.

Perkara ini dipicu oleh pembelaan yang dilakukan LBH Banda Aceh terhadap warga beberapa desa di Aceh Timur yang tanahnya terkena dampak perluasan perkebunan PT Bumi Flora. Warga melakukan aksi turun ke jalan pada 3 Juli 2007 lalu.

Lima hari setelah Kamaruddin dinyatakan sebagai tersangka, Azhari US Bin M.Basyah yang mewakili PT Bumi Flora, mencabut perkara tentang dugaan terjadi tindak pidana kejahatan terhadap ketertiban umum yang dituduhkan kepada para staf LBH. Bumi Flora, seperti diberitakan harian Analisa edisi 13 Juli 2007, sepakat menyelesaikan perselisihan dengan LBH secara damai.

Namun kepolisian tetap melimpahkan kasus tersebut ke PN Langsa. Jaksa penuntut umum menilai para staf LBH telah menyebarkan selebaran isinya menuduh PT Bumi Flora, Pemerintah Aceh Timur, dan Tentara Nasional Indonesia serta kepolisian menyerobot tanah rakyat dengan cara intimidasi, fitnah, teror, hingga terjadinya pembunuhan.

Jaksa berpendapat bahwa kepemilikan lahan Bumi Flora sudah diperoleh berdasar peraturan yang berlaku.

“Kami tidak melakukan penghasutan,” ujar Kamaruddin.

Menurut dia, apa yang ia lakukan bersama rekan-rekannya di LBH adalah membantu mengembalikan hak-hak korban di sekitar perkebunan.

“Sarana produksi mereka yang dibebaskan oleh pemerintah kepada pengusaha yang itu menurut kami cacat hukum. Karena disertai intimidasi, dan buktinya tanah ini sampai sekarang terus bermasalah,” katanya.

Bumi Flora merupakan perusahaan perkebunan sawit dan karet. Pada tahun 1990-an perusahaan ini memiliki Hak Guna Usaha sampai dengan tahun 2024 dengan luas total lahan lebih dari 8.000 hektare. Lahan ini tersebar di beberapa wilayah kecamatan di Aceh Timur. Dalam praktiknya, Bumi Flora juga melakukan perluasan lahan dengan menyerobot tanah milik warga beberapa desa yang totalnya sekitar 3400 hektare. Warga juga dipaksa menjual tanah dengan harga sangat rendah. Saat itu mereka tak berani menolak karena Bumi Flora mendapat dukungan dari aparat. Tiap hektare tanah dihargai Rp 600.000, atau Rp 60 per meter persegi.

Selain kasus penyerobotan lahan, area perkebunan Bumi Flora juga menyimpan catatan kelam yang lain. Pada 9 Agustus 2001, terjadi penembakan massal di lokasi perumahan karyawan Bumi Flora, Afdeling IV, yang berada di sekitar perkebunan. Menurut laporan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia atau KOMNASHAM, 31 orang tewas. Tujuh lainnya luka parah. Warga yang menjadi saksi mengungkapkan bahwa pembantaian dilakukan serombongan orang berseragam loreng, bertopi bulat, dan bersenjata. Mereka datang ke pemukiman itu sekitar pukul tujuh pagi. Kendati Komnas HAM telah membentuk tim untuk menyelidiki pembantaian tersebut, sampai kini belum diketahui siapa pelakunya.

“SAYA TAKUT ini menjadi preseden buruk. Pasal hatzaai artikelen sering digunakan untuk mengancam aktivis pembela HAM dan pers,” kata Kamaruddin.

Pasal-pasal hatzaai artikelen atau pasal kebencian yang dia maksud di antaranya adalah pasal 160 dan 161 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Yang pertama mengatur soal penghasutan. Kedua, tentang penghinaan terhadap pemerintahan yang sah. Pasal lainnya adalah pasal 154 dan pasal 155. Ini tentang tindakan yang dianggap menimbulkan permusuhan.

Pada masa kolonial, pasal-pasal ini digunakan pemerintah kolonial untuk menjerat mereka yang menentang penjajah. Kini, penerapan pasal-pasal warisan kolonial itu sudah tidak relevan. Terlebih lagi, pasal-pasal ini amat multitafsir. Itu sebabnya, pasal ini juga sering disebut pasal karet. Ia sering diselewengkan pemerintahan yang berkuasa untuk mengekang kebebasan berekspresi dan berpendapat.

Contohnya saat pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan darurat militer di Aceh. Pasal ini sering digunakan untuk menjerat aktivis dan mahasiswa di Aceh yang bersikap kritis. Beberapa di antaranya adalah Muhammad Nazar dan Kautsar bin Muhammad Yus. Nazar yang kini menjadi wakil gubernur Aceh pernah dipenjara gara-gara pidato-pidatonya soal referendum. Sementara Kautsar dijerat pasal ini gara-gara memprotes ExxonMobil, perusahaan tambang Amerika Serikat yang beroperasi di Aceh Utara, yang terlibat pelanggaran HAM di Aceh.

Meski demikian, pada masa itu ancaman penculikan dan pembunuhan juga sering terjadi. Salah satunya Musliadi, koordinator Koalisi Gerakan Mahasiswa dan Pelajar Aceh di Aceh Barat. Ia dikenal amat vokal terhadap aksi kekejaman militer Indonesia di Aceh. Pada November 2002, pemuda berusia 26 tahun itu ditemukan tewas mengenaskan. Tubuhnya lebam dan luka. Komisi untuk Tindak Kekerasan dan Orang Hilang (Kontras) Aceh melaporkan bahwa Musliadi dibunuh militer Indonesia. William Nessen, wartawan paruh waktu asal Amerika Serikat, merekam gambar jenazah dan upacara pemakaman Musliadi dalam The Black Road; On the Front Line of Aceh’s War. Ini film dokumenter yang merangkum perjalanannya di Aceh sejak darurat militer hingga perjanjian damai ditandatangani di Helsinki.

Setelah perdamaian, kasus penculikan, penyiksaan dan pembunuhan terhadap para pembela HAM tidak lagi terdengar. Tapi ancaman lain masih saja menghantui para pekerja HAM.

Menurut Hendra Fadli, direktur eksternal Kontras Aceh, pernyataan-pernyataan dari aparat penegak hukum yang masih menganggap aktivis pembela HAM sebagai musuh negara dan trouble maker alias biang onar adalah salah satu bentuk ancaman yang kini masih terjadi.

“Memang ada perubahan tren. Kalau dulu risikonya eksekusi di luar hukum, sekarang aparat sering menggunakan pasal-pasal karet untuk menjerat pembela HAM. Bentuknya kriminalisasi para pembela HAM,” kata Hendra.

Dia memberi contoh vonis tiga bulan penjara yang dijatuhkan PN Banda Aceh kepada Raden Panji Utomo, Ketua Forum Komunikasi Antarbarak (Forak). Sebelumnya Panji dijerat dengan pasal 154, 155, dan 160 KUHP sehubungan unjuk rasa bersama para pengungsi di depan kantor Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Aceh-Nias pada September 2006. Polisi menuduh Panji telah menyebarkan rasa permusuhan dan kebencian kepada pemerintah, serta menghasut massa melakukan tindakan anarkis.

Februari 2007, setelah bebas Panji mengajukan uji materiil KUHP atas pasal-pasal yang membawanya ke penjara itu ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Antara lain pasal 154, 155, 160 tentang pembangkit permusuhan. Lalu pasal 160 tentang penghasutan. Kemudian pasal 161, 207 dan 208 tentang penghinaan tehadap pemerintah. Dan terakhir, pasal 107 tentang perbuatan makar.

Alhasil, meski terbilang terlambat, pada Juli 2007 Mahkamah Konsitusi memutuskan pasal 154 dan 155 KUHP sebagai pasal yang tidak lagi memiliki kekuatan hukum. Kedua pasal karet ini tidak berlaku lagi. Alasannya, aturan ini menghalangi kebebasan warga untuk menyatakan pikiran dan sikap serta kemerdekaan menyampaikan pendapat.

Bentuk kriminalisasi terhadap para pembela HAM sebenarnya sudah lama bertentangan dengan Deklarasi Universal HAM. Para pembela HAM, sesuai Deklarasi Universal HAM, memiliki hak untuk mencari, mendapatkan, menerima, dan menyimpan informasi terkait HAM. Mereka juga berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum selama melakukan kerja-kerja pembelaan HAM. Itu sebabnya, Persatuan Bangsa Bangsa menganggap para pembela HAM merupakan aktor penting dalam memajukan demokrasi dan penghormatan terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia di sebuah negara. Tidak terkecuali Indonesia.

DI INDONESIA, salah satu pembela HAM yang dikenal gigih memperjuangkan hak-hak orang-orang lemah adalah Yap Thiam Hien. Dia lahir di Kuta Raja yang kini dikenal sebagai Banda Aceh pada 25 Mei 1913 dari keluarga Leutenent der Chinesen. Golongan yang pada masa kolonial itu cukup dihormati. Kakek buyut Yap adalah imigran dari selatan Tiongkok yang eksodus pada 1844.

Di Aceh, etnis Tionghoa adalah minoritas. Seperti juga di beberapa daerah, pada masa itu wilayah ini bukan tempat yang ramah dan tanah harapan bagi warga Tionghoa. Orang Aceh umumnya tak menghendaki keberadaan pendatang. Apalagi, ketegangan dan konflik antara bangsa Aceh dan Belanda yang dianggap kafir, saat itu belum reda.

Dalam tulisan mengenang wafatnya Yap Thiam Hien yang dimuat di jurnal Indonesia tahun 1989, Daniel Saul Lev menyebut, Yap menamatkan pendidikan sekolah dasar di Europeesche Lagere School yang terletak di kawasan Blang Padang, Banda Aceh. Selepas itu, Yap ikut ayahnya ke Batavia dan melanjutkan pendidikan di sana. Pada tahun 1947, Yap memperoleh gelar Mesteer in de Rechten setelah menyelesaikan sekolah hukum di Leiden, Belanda.

Pada masa 1960-an Yap aktif di kepengurusan Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia (Peradin). Dia juga menjadi pengurus Badan Permusyawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia (Baperki). Ini organisasi sosial-politik terkenal yang dibentuk sejak 1954 untuk melindungi minoritas Tionghoa yang jadi warga negara Indonesia.

Yap makin disegani rezim Orde Baru ketika ia berhasil membela Subandrio sehubungan Gerakan 30 September sebelum pengadilan militer 1966. Subandrio adalah menteri luar negeri yang juga kepala Biro Pusat Intelijen pada masa pemerintahan Sukarno.

Tahun 1968 Yap sempat ditahan beberapa minggu dan didakwa atas tuduhan telah memfitnah Jaksa Tinggi B.R.M Simandjuntak SH dan Inspektur Jenderal Polisi Drs Mardjaman. Namun lewat putusan Mahkamah Agung, dia dilepaskan dan dibebaskan dari dakwaan tersebut.

Yap amat membantu Adnan Buyung Nasution sewaktu mendirikan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum yang diprakarsa Peradin pada 1970. Lembaga ini punya misi memberi bantuan hukum bagi warga yang miskin dan awam terhadap hukum.

Yap juga rajin menulis. Tulisan-tulisannya mengupas persoalan hukum dan hak-hak asasi manusia di Indonesia yang masih lemah. Dia sering menulis tentang reformasi hukum di media massa. Dia mengecam kasus-kasus penangkapan, penahanan, penculikan dan pembunuhan terhadap aktivis, mahasiswa, dan intelektual yang dilakukan rezim Suharto.

Satu dasawarsa setelah Suharto berkuasa, tahun 1979, Yap sudah mengkritik rezim Orde Baru yang banyak melakukan pelanggaran HAM. Dalam sebuah tulisannya soal penghargaan dan praktik HAM di masa Orde Baru, Yap mengatakan, “Tidaklah benar mengatakan bahwa Orde Baru menghargai hukum dan HAM. Penyangkalan terhadap penyataan tersebut merupakan ketidakjujuran. Dan ketidakjujuran tidak akan berguna bagi siapa pun.”

Menjelang usianya yang ke 76 tahun, Yap menghembuskan nafasnya yang terakhir akibat pecah pembuluh darah, aortic aneurysm. Saat itu, 23 April 1989, dia sedang mengikuti konferensi InterNGO Conference on Indonesia.

Sejak tahun 1992, nama Yap Thiam Hien diabadikan Yayasan Pusat Pendidikan HAM sebagai nama sebuah penghargaan prestisius di bidang HAM. Ini merupakan penghargaan tahunan yang diberikan bagi individu maupun lembaga-lembaga yang konsisten dalam perjuangan membela HAM di Indonesia.

Penghargaan ini pernah dianugerahkan kepada Farida Hariyani pada 1998 dan Suraiya Kamaruzzaman tahun 2001. Dua perempuan Aceh itu dinilai telah berdedikasi dalam perjuangannya yang gigih membela HAM selama konflik berdarah berkecamuk di Aceh. Suraiya, misalnya, mendirikan Yayasan Flower Aceh ketika Aceh masih berstatus Daerah Operasi Militer (DOM). Selain itu, dia mendirikan Kelompok Kerja Transformasi Gender Aceh, Suloh Aceh, dan Relawan Perempuan untuk Kemanusiaan.

Dalam tulisan berjudul Yap Thiam Hien yang dimuat jurnal Indonesia edisi 82, Oktober 2006, Dan Lev menyebutkan bahwa orang-orang yang mengenal Yap sulit mengenyampingkan adanya hubungan antara karakter Yap dengan Aceh. Menurut Lev, Yap adalah tipe orang yang lurus. Tidak berbelit-belit. Keberanian, keteguhan, daya tahan moral, dan perlawanannya untuk tidak diam di hadapan kesewenang-wenangan menunjukkan bahwa itu adalah dampak dari pendidikan di Aceh ataupun keyakinannya terhadap agama Protestan.

KAMARUDDIN salah satu dari sedikit angkatan muda Aceh yang mengagumi Yap Thiam Hien. Saat kuliah di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gajah Mada, lelaki kelahiran Aceh Tamiang ini membaca karya tulis Yap maupun tulisan-tulisan yang menyinggung perjuangan Yap.

“Saya banyak mengambil inspirasi dari Pak Yap lewat bukunya. Kalau saya tak salah judulnya, HAM dan Demokrasi,” kata Kamaruddin.

Judul lengkap buku itu adalah Negara, HAM dan Demokrasi. Buku itu berisi kumpulan tulisan Yap Thiam Hien di berbagai forum dan media massa semasa hidupnya. Buku ini diterbitkan oleh Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia tahun 1998.

Kamaruddin menganggap proses persidangan yang dia hadapi saat ini adalah risiko sebagai salah seorang pembela HAM. Usahanya bersama teman-teman di LBH untuk membantu warga yang menjadi korban perampasan tanah di Aceh Timur masih jauh dengan yang apa dilakukan Yap Thiam Hien. Dia menaruh hormat pada Yap yang pada masa hidupnya lebih memilih kerja-kerja yang tidak banyak menghasilkan uang.

“Dia punya peluang untuk hidup lebih mapan. Apalagi dia pernah kuliah di Belanda. Di zaman dia, dengan kapasitas ilmu pengetahuan dan predikat mesteer in de rechten, dia sebenarnya bisa menyandang status sosial dan kemapanan luar biasa. Tapi dia tidak memilih itu,” ujar Kamaruddin.

Kamaruddin salut kepada sikap Yap yang tidak membeda-bedakan agama maupun ras dalam perjuangannya, walaupun tokoh panutannya itu bukan beragama Islam dan berasal dari keturunan Tionghoa.

“Spirit humanisme Islam saya pikir ada pada dia. Karena Islam menjunjung tinggi kemanusiaan,” ujarnya.

Meski lahir, sekolah dan pernah beberapa tahun tinggal di Aceh, tak semua aktivis pembela HAM di Aceh sendiri mengenal sosok Yap Thiam Hien seperti halnya Kamaruddin.

“Yap apa? Siapa dia?” kata Sulaiman Gade kepada saya.

Sulaiman adalah koordinator Komite Monitoring Perdamaian dan Demokrasi (KMPD) di wilayah kabupaten Pidie. Lembaga swadaya ini didirikan pada 20 Desember 2002 oleh 14 orang aktivis HAM di kabupaten Bireuen. Fokus kerja lembaga ini adalah advokasi pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat korban di Aceh. Bentuk organisasi ini adalah perhimpunan individu-individu yang peduli terhadap setiap upaya penghormatan, penegakan HAM dan demokrasi. Sejak pertengahan Okotober 2005, KMPD menetapkan kampaye pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat korban sebagai program strategisnya.

Sulaiman baru bekerja kurang dari dua tahun di KMPD. Di Pidie, kata dia, jumlah korban konflik amat banyak. Kasus pelanggaran HAM juga sering terjadi di pelosok kabupaten ini. Tugas Sulaiman membantu para korban di sana untuk memperoleh hukum yang adil. Dia mengumpulkan dan melaporkan data-data kekerasan setelah perdamaian di Pidie.

“Kami tidak bisa berjanji yang muluk-muluk kepada korban. Kami hanya bisa menjembatani dan membawa kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM ke lembaga-lembaga hukum yang bertanggung jawab,” katanya.

Walau tak pernah mengenal apalagi membaca tulisan-tulisan Yap seputar reformasi peradilan dan HAM, Sulaiman punya cita-cita agar hukum akan berpihak kepada mereka yang selama ini menjadi korban kekerasan. Dan cita-cita ini bukan cuma milik dia serta kawan-kawan di organisasinya.

“Kontras amat terbantu dengan munculnya lembaga-lembaga ini. Ada lembaga lokal dan memang baru. Ada juga lembaga lama yang memperluas wilayah kerja. Mereka mendirikan cabang-cabang daerah,” kata Hendra Fadli, menyinggung makin berkembangnya organisasi sipil di bidang HAM yang berada di Aceh saat ini.

Dia mencontohkan bahwa saat ini Kontras Aceh telah memperluas jaringan kerja di sembilan kabupaten. KMPD juga memiliki kordinator-kordinator di sejumlah wilayah. Begitu pula LBH, Pos Bantuan HAM, dan beberapa lembaga lain. Komunitas-komunitas korban konflik dan kekerasan juga mendirikan organisasi. Misalnya Solidaritas Persaudaraan Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia yang berdiri di beberapa kabupaten. Lalu ada Komunitas Korban Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia yang anggotanya sebagian besar kaum perempuan.

“Apa banyaknya lembaga-lembaga ini tidak menimbulkan konflik kepentingan?” tanya saya.

“Sudah pasti. Tapi kalau lembaga-lembaga yang visioner (memiliki visi) untuk perubahan, tentu akan jadi jaringan strategis,” jawab Hendra.

“Yang dikhawatirkan kalau lembaga-lembaga ini hanya muncul untuk project oriented, karena Aceh lagi banyak bantuan. Ini akan membuat pandangan masyarakat beneficiaries berubah. Masyarakat akan menganggap LSM, ya … uang. Advokasi, ya uang,” lanjutnya.

Sebelum perdamaian, menurut Hendra, jumlah organisasi sipil yang bergerak di bidang HAM belum begitu banyak. Salah satunya disebabkan keterbatasan dana. Kini banyak lembaga bantuan internasional datang ke Aceh. Selain mendukung rekonstruksi Aceh pascatsunami, lembaga internasional ini juga membantu memulihkan Aceh pascakonflik.

Hendra menyatakan bahwa situasi di Aceh akan berubah setelah lembaga-lembaga itu pergi. Uang bantuan akan berkurang. Dana yang mengalir lewat lembaga-lembaga pembela HAM pun ikut menyusut.

“Karena terbatas dalam pendanaan, maka advokasi, pendampingan dan pendidikan masyarakat bakal jadi tidak terarah,” ujarnya, khawatir.

Namun Otto Syamsuddin Ishak punya pandangan beda. Menurut Otto, persoalannya jauh lebih rumit. Saat ini hambatan justru terletak di dalam diri para individu dan lembaga masing-masing.

Otto adalah sosiolog pada Universitas Syah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Dia mendirikan Cordova pada 1990, lembaga yang bergerak dalam pembelaan HAM. Kini dia peneliti senior di IMPARSIAL. Lembaga ini memantau, menyelidiki, dan melaporkan pelanggaran HAM kepada khalayak, juga menuntut pemegang kekuasaan untuk memenuhi kewajibannya melindungi hak-hak warga.

“Pertama soal ego. Kedua, soal kekacauan mental beberapa aktivis yang mencampuradukkan antara nafsu menghimpun massa untuk kepentingan politik (anggota partai atau untuk pemilihan kepala daerah dan pemilihan umum), dengan kebutuhan mempersiapkan korban. Ketiga, ada aktivis yang sudah melakukan aliansi politik dengan pelaku yang bertanggung jawab soal pelanggaran HAM di Aceh. Itulah sebab-sebab penting terjadinya kekacauan dalam gerakan HAM di Aceh,” kata Otto dalam surat elektroniknya kepada saya.

Seperti juga Hendra, Otto menyambut baik munculnya organisasi-organisasi yang membela dan memajukan HAM. Tapi, lembaga-lembaga HAM ini mesti didukung individu-individu yang tangguh.

“Kalau intelektualitas pengelola lembaga jongkok, ya tak akan menyumbang apa-apa, kecuali berbuat intrik. Saya kira ini sudah terjadi. Pimpinan lembaga tak tahu spesifikasi mandatnya dan, juga keahlian dirinya di bidang apa dalam dimensi HAM yang sangat luas ini,” ujar Otto.

Setelah perjanjian damai Helsinki disepakati, tantangan dalam perjuangan penegakan HAM di Aceh justru makin besar.

“Tantangannya, ya soal penyelesaian masalah pelanggaran HAM di masa perang tiga dasawarsa itu,” lanjutnya.

DUA TAHUN lebih perdamaian berlangsung di Aceh. Namun Kamaruddin, Hendra, Sulaiman dan korban konflik yang bercita-cita soal keadilan, saat ini seperti berhadapan dengan tembok lain yang keras. Perjuangan penegakan HAM yang mereka lakukan seringkali terhambat pada proses hukum. Kondisi ini bisa memicu sikap apatis dan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap aktivis dan lembaga pembela HAM.

“Hingga saat ini belum ada penyelesaian nyata, apalagi kalau kasus-kasus kekerasannya dilakukan oleh aparat,” kata Hendra.

Sulaiman juga merasakan pengalaman yang sama. Belakangan ini dia kewalahan dalam membantu korban kekerasan. Korban tidak jarang mempertanyakan apakah kasus pelanggaran HAM yang mereka alami itu dijamin bakal sampai ke pengadilan. Selama ini, penyidikan dan proses hukum tak jelas ke mana ujungnya. Alhasil, tak sedikit korban pelanggaran HAM yang dibela Sulaiman merasa putus asa.

“Masyarakat menganggap seolah-olah kami hanya sekedar menjalankan aktivitas. Tidak ada hasil dan tindak lanjut seperti yang diharapkan korban. Mestinya kan ada proses hukum, misalnya untuk mencari tahu kenapa aparat melakukan penembakan,” ujar Sulaiman.

“Ini juga tantangan kita, memastikan tindak lanjut oleh lembaga berwenang, polisi, penyidik, termasuk Komnas HAM terkait temuan pelanggaran HAM dari NGO maupun laporan masyarakat,” kata Hendra.

Namun di tengah kondisi hukum yang lemah ini, Kamaruddin mengingatkan agar para pembela HAM pantang mundur. Dia menyinggung komitmen perjuangan salah satu tokoh pembela HAM asal Aceh yang dia kagumi.

“Yap Thiam Hien bisa dipakai sebagai referensi (perjuangan),” ujarnya.

*) Naskah ini dimuat di situs Aceh Feature.

Natural rights was the main consideration of the founders in framing the Constitution. The most concise description of natural rights is that given in the Declaration by Jefferson - Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. It should have have said Property instead of pursuit of happiness, but since slaves were men (it's a universal, get over it) as well as property, to have said Property here would have shut the door on abolishing the perversion of property rights that slavery was (not to mention its other outrages against natural human rights). The battle with the Constitution was how to frame a government which could not trample on the natural rights of the people by becoming too powerful. Read the Federalist Papers. They explain the reasoning behind each part of the Constitution.

The Declaration and the Constitution barely mention a Creator, and the Federalist talks about history and reason and natural rights, but rarely mentions religion. Christians take the term creator to mean their God, but that is not the only meaning of the term, nor even the major meaning. Many of the founders embraced Deism, which is a philosophical position that, while accepting the existence of a god denies that god's ability or inclination to intercede in the universe. He only pushed over the first domino. This is a far cry from the Christian or Jewish concept of God. Their God is an active participant in events. The Deist Creator is not. It's alright if Christians want to think that the founding references to a creator means their God, they just need to know that that is just their own personal definition, and that the intent is really something else.

And as far as the Ten Commandments being the basis of our law, this is an exceedingly tenuous stretch. Our laws were founded primarily on English common law, which in turn was pretty much influenced by Roman law. There are only a couple of the Commandments which relate to our law: not stealing, not perjuring, and perhaps not committing adultery. In fact, the Bill of Rights is in direct opposition to the first Commandment, while another of the Commandments approves of slavery. At least seven of them are strictly religious, not civil, whereas our law is strictly civil and not religious. At best, the Commandments are only a symbol, a symbol of moral authority. And while the old saying is that ya' can't legislate morality, they just keep right on trying. So, sorry, Christians. The nation really wasn't founded on religion. It was founded on civil concerns, as it should be.

Homosexuality in Senegal can lead to five years in prison and fines running up to 1.5 million CFA francs.

In February, five people were detained for several days, then freed without charge, after a symbolic wedding between two men near Dakar.

If that camp song was written like this, it just wouldn't have the same ring to it in Sunday school. Christians are supposed to be thrilled they are going to heaven, Jesus is alive and all sins are forgiven. You know, basic dogmatic tenet stuff.

So when the crumudgeons of Crown Point, Indiana have been lambasting 911 with calls of noise complaints and demands shut it down... speaking of a tent revival... one of two things happened:

1. Either these Christians are REALLY and unexpectedly happy about those tenets;
2. Or the people of this rural town are really the Children of the Corn and already have their one way ticket to a more balmy climate

Police Chief Pete Land says his department has issued 10 citations to the church between July 31 and Aug. 10. One neighbor told a packed city council meeting Monday night that she has to turn on the air conditioning, the washer, dryer and a fan to drown out the noise.

Well, that's sweet. They got the permit to have a tent revival, but once they got 'revived', all bets were off. Good thing this wasn't a Todd Bentley crusade, they would have called in the National Guard and really got to snapping.

Property allegedly "facilitating" criminal offenses committed under nearly 300 separate federal statutes may be forfeited. State and local forfeiture laws rake in billions in revenues. Civil forfeiture in the U.S. began actually in 1789, ironically the same year that our Constitution was ratified. in that year, congress enacted a series of statutes that authorized the confiscation of ships engaging in privacy and slavery.

Now, civil forfeiture laws confiscate property connected to hundreds of federal offenses. And these laws are upheld by the supreme court. the court stated that "guilty property" could be confiscated, even from individuals entirely innocent of any wrong doing. In 2003, the supreme court upheld this same principle here in michigan allowing the civil forfeiture of any property involved in a crime, regardless of the owner's culpability, or lack thereof. Plus the state and local police authorities can retain up to 80% of all seized property's value.

The U.S Patriot Act, now bypasses state laws that provide a constitutional barrier against the confiscation of property without due process of the law and conviction. What if anything can be done? the very best and most effective course of action would be to abolish the USA Patriot Act, with all its vile forms. most of these forfeiture laws have nothing to do with terrorism. Another reform would be to prohibit seizing agencies from retaining the assets they confiscate. But, until then, I stringly recommend that you the reader keep your assets as far away from any possible civil forfeiture.

Most of my personal clients house part of their wealth offshore. All offshore entities avoid the United States tracking network that the current administration allows investigators to use to easily identify a potential defendant's assets.

"Procrastination limits the effectiveness of every human being. How much more, all of us could accomplish if we did not wait until tomorrow!"

I had a chance to talk to the Dean today. Half of my problem is my perspective on the law. I think about things way too hard. There are huge groups of people who do not benefit from our laws. This weeks conversations in Torts and in Criminal Law reveal problems. For instance, gang violence. Where arrest and punishment have one purpose of preventing vigilanteism, those people who are acting outside of the law solve their own discrepancies in a way that hurts others and hurts society. All of these issues play a role in the child welfare issues that exist here. Thousands upon thousands of children are in trouble. And they all grow up. Fortunately the Dean understood this and says he will try to find some resources for me. Above and beyond the technical issues of the law, which I will master. Bottom line? I can do this. A long weekend just in time for my mother's health issues doesn't hurt.

Hopefully the Feds are going after the big-time, money-making pirates just as aggressively.

I think a responsible media business must do both.  Then again, there is some element of bullying to some of those lawsuits.  Those should stop.

At the same time, as a commenter for that post suggests, many media companies have realized that some pirated clips are better than others...

     The 4th function that I mentioned was particularly powerful in the ancient world.  At that time the rules of religion enjoyed the status of law.

Well the parties have chosen who they feel will do the best job. Now for the next 60-some-odd-days we get treated to the worst travesties and of the worst sort: We get to hear human beings tear the tar out of each other relentlessly and no holds barred. The faces this time are different; however, the rhetoric is still the same.

Months ago, years ago I wrote how we, the citizenry of this nation, had become victims to our governments 3 famous lies. The government of this nation lies to cover-up its older lies and so on. Oops! Sorry I meant to write misspoke.

So here we are at the crossroads of another significant time in America's history. It should be a time for positive discourse and let's work together to build a better America, however, we all know that it is a time for bashing, lying, cruelty, and bull squat.

Some are espousing 'Change' is coming. Okay. The same clan is espousing 'Unity' yet still can't quite seem to keep their relationships with each other unified. Therefore I rather doubt that anything remotely resembling 'Change' will happen, it's like removing the dross from the silver and what is left?

Prove to me and the rest of America that there are three [3] changes you can make. These changes I readily admit are really quite simple if a person were to get up, shower, dress and go to work. However, once atop the 'Hill' real work ceases.

Three changes that Americans have wanted for decades:

An overwhelming majority of us want English as our national language.

Another overwhelming majority of us do not want "anchor babies" receiving American citizenship at birth. Quite simply, we demand that the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution be changed accordingly.

There was a time in our nation's young history when a group of folks who were experiencing suffrage against their will, their very religious beliefs to the core was banned and oppression was common place.

These very individuals sold everything, including themselves with indentured servitude to raise the money to pay their way. In other words, when things got really abhorrent in their countries, they did not assume that any one or two particular nations were the "designated space" where anyone with difficulties at home could freely come to the United States and after living here illegally for a number of years or even their entire lives, demand or expect American citizenship.

Therefore regarding the almighty 'Changes' that we are promised, please don't forget immigration reform.

There it is...three simple requests for our government to complete. We have been promised these three before with tragic results. So please we have listed three simple "Changes" we'd overwhelmingly love to see in our nation; moreover, we'd love to see if you can produce the change.

religionillegal immigrationpolitics

Sarah Palin, besides being a relatively inexperienced candidate (she is running with a man who has a higher chance of dying in office than many who have come before, could she really run the country on her own?), is an enemy of the environmental movement. When I say environmental movement, I don't mean the UberGreenies who want everyone to completely alter their lifestyles in order to save a few species. I mean anyone who actually believes in science, acknowledges that there are issues facing our environment, and wants to work to insure there is some planet left for living on any time in the near future. In other words, Sarah Palin is the enemy to anyone with a lick of common sense.

Ms. Palin's husband works for British Petroleum and Ms. Palin has a track record of putting special interests above environmental health. The Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund sent out a message today highlighting some of Palin's failings:

In her scant two years as governor, she has lobbied aggressively to open up the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling, pushed for more drilling off of Alaska’s coasts, and put special interests above science. Ms. Palin has made it clear through her actions that she is unwilling to do even as much as the Bush administration to address the impacts of global warming. Her most recent effort has been to sue the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to remove the polar bear from the endangered species list, putting Big Oil before sound science. As unbelievable as this may sound, this actually puts her to the right of the Bush administration.

That's right! McCain's running mate has a history of being harder on the environment than the Bush administration. You have to give the lady credit, it takes a lot of work to rape and pillage the earth faster and more effectively than Dubya.

On the upside, maybe the rigors of the campaign trail will keep her resource greedy little mitts off Alaska's oil reserves long enough to let some experienced and educated people make some sensible policy.

Full report PDF version is at here.

Betting on international society's acquiescence, the Chinese government not only refused to fulfill its promise to improve human rights for the Beijing Olympics, but, in fact, used security concerns for the Olympics as a pretext to cleanse the whole country. As a result, a large number of innocent people have suffered incarceration and torture, and many have been killed, making them victims of the Beijing Olympics.

The escalation of human rights violations leading to and during the Olympics was alarming. In the past few months, over 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners have been rounded up in various cities in China, and many have been tortured to death after only a few weeks in custody. The arrests have been so wide spread that many citizens and residents in other countries have had their relatives arrested in China. Considering that only a very small percentage of Chinese people have overseas connections, the situation is really very severe.

The following are a few examples of Falun Gong practitioners tortured to death recently:

Mr. Bai Heguo, 45, lived in Liaoning Province. The police from the Tongerpu District Police Department sentenced him to 11 years in the Liaoning Province Huazi Prison. Because he remained firm in his faith, he was then taken to Nanguanling Prison where he was tortured to death in less than 2 weeks. His body was covered with bruises; he had a bump on his head and a cut on his tongue, which protruded outside his mouth; his leg was broken; his testes had been crushed; and he was emaciated. He was clearly tortured to death. The authorities hurriedly cremated his body.

Ms. Gu Jianmin, 53, lived in Shanghai. Although she was perfectly healthy, she died just 13 days after the police arrested her. On the day of her death, the authorities asked her husband to process a medical parole. However, when he finally saw her, her eyes were protruding from her head, she was bleeding from the mouth, and she was left alone. He begged the doctors to save her life. They made a quick attempt and then declared her dead.

Mr. Gu Qun, 50, worked for the Xigang District Industrial and Commercial Bureau in Dalian City, Liaoning Province. They arrested him a total of 5 times. One time, they wanted to make a "typical example" of him. They shackled his hands and legs, focused a TV camera on his face, and ordered him to renounce Falun Gong. He refused. After his most recent arrest, he went on a hunger strike to protest the persecution. They violently force-fed and tortured him, severely damaging him physically. They took him to the doctor, who said he needed urgent care, but they merely brought him back to the detention center. He died less than 3 weeks after his arrest.

Mr. Sun Guanzhou, 62, lived in Henan Province. He was a professor at Yuzhou City Education College. Shortly after his last arrest, the authorities took him to the hospital where the doctor said he should not remain in detention. They then demanded 25,000 Yuan to release him, but the family didn't have that much. He died in the detention center within a week of his arrest.

Ms. Zong Xiuxia lived in the Fangzi District in Weifang City, Shandong Province. The police arrested her at 9 a.m. while she was shopping. She died after only 4 hours in police custody. The police alleged that she "jumped" to her death from the hospital elevator after they took her there for a check-up. Her family was in shock and kept asking questions to find out what really happened.

FalunHR, U.S. Contact Information: (001) 619-280-5177 (001) 858-206-1577

The Crazy Bitch Award for August goes to: China Arnold, 28, of Dayton, OH. What did Ms. Arnold do to earn this prestigious honor? Oh, she just got a little ticked off after having a fight with her boyfriend, and to calm down, she decided to try cooking. That doesn't sound too diabolical, you might be thinking. No harm done. Well, the thing is, when I say she decided to try cooking, I mean she tossed her one-month-old daughter in the microwave. Oh baby.

I have a few questions. First of all, why a baby? Why not something fun, like a Furby, or her boyfriend's disembodied testicles? Those might explode, or catch on fire, or do something amusing. (Plus, the boyfriend was the one she was angry with in the first place, so that would add an extra element of fun for Ms. Arnold.) But the baby just suffered internal injuries, according to the BBC report on Arnold's trial. She didn't blow up, or even burn. Mommy must have been disappointed, if she was even sane enough to notice.

Anyway, second of all, I'm really liking this microwaving-her-boyfriend's-disembodied-testicles idea. I don't understand why she didn't see the appeal of it. Maybe she didn't think of it, but I can't imagine that she would ignore a possibility like that. I mean, honestly! You destroy his manhood and you get to play with the microwave! Oh, and you don't have to murder any innocent children. It's a win-win-win situation.

And third of all, I don't understand how one could just pop a kid in the microwave. I really don't like babies. At all. But even I'm not that evil.

But, I suppose, this China Arnold character wasn't exactly sane. Hence her candidacy for my distinguished Crazy Bitch Award. Congratulations, Ms. Arnold! You win a trip to the fabulous United States Prison System!

Cindy Anthony testimony

George Anthony testimony

Lee Anthony testimony

Detective Yuri Melich testimony